ULTRASOUND SCAN OF THE HEART (NON-INVASIVE, NO PAIN)

Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, is the use of ultrasound to examine the heart. It is a type of medical imaging, using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound. The visual image formed using this technique is called an echocardiogram, a cardiac echo, or simply an echo.

Echocardiography is routinely used in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with any suspected or known heart diseases. It is one of the most widely used diagnostic imaging modalities in cardiology. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the size and shape of the heart (internal chamber size quantification), pumping capacity, location and extent of any tissue damage, and assessment of valves. An echocardiogram can also give physicians other estimates of heart function, such as a calculation of the cardiac output, ejection fraction, and diastolic function (how well the heart relaxes).

Echocardiography is an important tool in assessing wall motion abnormality in patients with suspected cardiac disease. It is a tool which helps in reaching an early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (HEART ATTACK), showing regional wall motion abnormality. Also, it is important in treatment and follow-up in patients with heart failure, by assessing ejection fraction.

Echocardiography can help detect cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The use of stress echocardiography may also help determine whether any chest pain or associated symptoms are related to heart disease.

The most important advantages of echocardiography are that it is not invasive (does not involve breaking the skin or entering body cavities) and has no known risks or side effects.

Not only can an echocardiogram create ultrasound images of heart structures, but it can also produce accurate assessment of the blood flowing through the heart by Doppler echocardiography, using pulsed- or continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. This allows assessment of both normal and abnormal blood flow through the heart. Colour Doppler, as well as spectral Doppler, is used to visualize any abnormal communications between the left and right sides of the heart, any leaking of blood through the valves (valvular regurgitation), and estimate how well the valves open (or do not open in the case of valvular stenosis). The Doppler technique can also be used for tissue motion and velocity measurement, by tissue Doppler echocardiography.

• THERE ARE 2 MAIN TYPES OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-
• TRANS-THORAXIC (IMAGING THE HEART FROM THE OUTER CHEST WALL)
• TRANS-ESOPHAGEL (IMAGING THE HEART BY INTRODUCING A PROBE THRU THE MOUTH INTO THE FOOD PIPE AND VISUALISING FROM WITHIN).

TRANS-THORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM

THIS IS THE MOST COMMONLY PERFORMED ECHO IN DAY-TO-DAY PRACTICE.

It is used for rapid evaluation of a patient at their bedside.[9][10] In this case, the echocardiography transducer (or probe) is placed on the chest wall (or thorax) of the subject, and images are taken through the chest wall. This is a non-invasive, highly accurate, and quick assessment of the overall function of the heart.

TTE utilizes several “windows” to image the heart from different perspectives. Each window has advantages and disadvantages for viewing specific structures within the heart and, typically, numerous windows are utilized within the same study to fully assess the heart. Parasternal long and parasternal short axis windows are taken next to the sternum, the apical two/three/four chamber windows are taken from the apex of the heart (lower left side), and the subcostal window is taken from underneath the edge of the last rib.

TTE utilizes one- (“M mode”), two-, and three-dimensional ultrasound (time is implicit and not included) from the different windows. These can be combined with pulse wave or continuous wave Doppler to visualize the velocity of blood flow and structure movements. Images can be enhanced with “contrast” that are typically some sort of micro bubble suspension that reflect the ultrasound waves.

• AT VIRGO HEART CENTER WE HAVE A STATE OF THE ART, AI ENABLED PHILIPS AFFINITTY 70 ECHO MACHINE WITH 2D AND 3D IMAGING CAPABILITY.
• OUR STAFF ARE EXCEPTIONALLY WELL TRIANED IN ADVANCED ECHO IMAGING TOOLS SUCH AS SPECKLE TRACKING (GLS) AND STRESS IMAGING.